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In Thomas and Waluchow's levels of response or reflection on the way
that people respond to a moral question, the reflective level is based
on:a. knowledge of moral development and ethical theory.b. moral
judgments and responses are based on principles, rules and values to
which we ourselves consciously subscribe.c. reasons behind one's
position are often references to rules, laws or principles accepted
without question or critical analysis.d. responses to moral problems are
uncritical or unanalyzed.
Phase 2 of Gilligan's Study of the Psychological Development of Women
includes which of the following?a. A sense of goodness as
self-sacrifice, in which the needs of others are often put ahead of
selfb. The concern about the reaction of others is a basis for decisions
and behaviourc. Reflecting a movement into a world beyond the familyd. A
deep appreciation of connectedness, including responsibility to self
and others as moral equals, and a clear imperative to harm no one
Values development moves from a focus on self toward being guided in universal considerations.a. Trueb. False
A registered nurse witnesses another nurse violating a patient's
autonomy. Even though she did not participate in the action, the nurse
who witnessed the act experiences powerlessness, frustration, and anger.
This reaction describes which of the following?a. Moral distressb.
Moral uncertaintyc. Moral outraged. Moral dilemma
In Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development, the post-conventional and
principled level includes two stages. They are:a. punishment and
obedience.b. prior rights and social contract or utility.c. universal
ethical principles.d. B and C
"The reflective level of moral response" is associated with which of
the following theorists?a. Thomasb. Gilliganc. Kohlbergd. Cooper
A couple is pregnant with their second child and during a routine
ultrasound, the physician discovers that the fetus is anencephalic. The
life expectancy of an anencephalic baby is only a few weeks after birth.
The couple struggles with the choice to terminate the pregnancy at this
time or to carry to term. The couple decide to terminate the pregnancy.
What stage of the ethical decision making process is this?a.
Determining desired outcomes.b. Evaluating outcomes of action.c.
Identifying options.d. Acting o
The moral imperative grounded in relationship with and responsibility
for one another is called:a. ethic of justice.b. ethic of care.c. faith
development.d. cognitive development.
The development of intellectual capacities through the time of
childhood from birth to around age 15 years refers to:a. Kohlberg's
Theory of Moral Development.b. Piaget's Stages of Cognitive
Development.c. Lao Tsu's Theory of Development.d. Fowler's Stages of
Faith Development.
Stage 1 of Fowler's Stage of Faith Development includes which of the
following?a. A focus on what is best for the self, and includes
selfishness and dependence on othersb. The child's understandings and
feelings toward the ultimate conditions of life are intuitive and shaped
by storiesc. The imperatives of absolute love and justice become prime
and focus on energy on transforming the present reality toward
transcendent actualityd. A deep appreciation of connectedness, including
responsibility to self and ot
In Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development, the preconventional level
includes two stages. They are:a. punishment and obedience.b. individual
instrumental purpose and exchange.c. rights and social utility.d. A and B
Nurses can avoid making inappropriate judgments about another's moral
capabilities by:a. understanding that all people have the same ethical,
moral, and cultural values, they are just called by different names.b.
keeping strict adherence to hospital and unit guidelines while caring
for the patient and patient's family.c. understanding varying
perspectives from which moral decisions are made by both the nurse and
the patient.d. All of the above
The nurse manager asks Martha, a staff nurse, if she will work an
additional 4 hours at the end of her shift. Martha's patient is
unstable, and there is insufficient staff on the next shift to care for
her adequately. If she works overtime, Martha will break a promise she
made to take her children to the circus. This situation is an example
of:a. moral distress.b. a moral dilemma.c. moral reckoning.d. a
practical dilemma.
What step in the process of ethical decision making involves
participants excluding results that are totally unacceptable and their
potential consequences?a. Identify options.b. Determine moral
perspective.c. Gather data and identify conflicting moral claims.d.
Determine desired outcomes.
Human values development is often referred to as:a. moral
development.b. faith development.c. ethical values.d. formal operations
development.
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