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the rate of energy expenditure by a body at complete rest in a neutral environment
For a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, a person would have three or more of the following risks:Abdominal obesity Elevated blood fat (triglycerides greater than 150 units)Low levels of HDL ("good") cholesterol Elevated blood pressure greater than 130/85 mm/HgElevated fasting glucose greater than 100 mg/dL High levels of C-reactive proteins
Avoid tobacco.Cut back on saturated fats and cholesterolMaintain a healthy weight.Exercise regularly.Control diabetes.Control blood pressure.Manage stress.
Starches—grains, cereals, and vegetablesStored in the body as glycogen Fiber—"bulk" or "roughage"
Necessary for regulation of blood and body fluids, transmission of nerve impulses, heart activity, and certain metabolic functions
Are the best fuel source and provide energy quickly and efficiently
a decreased concentration of sodium in the blood; caused by consumption of too much water
6.5 million Americans suffer strokes every yearBlood supply to brain is interruptedTransient ischemic attacks (TIAs) are brief interruptions of the blood supply to the brain that cause temporary impairment.Today, stroke is a leading cause of serious long-term disability
Race and ethnicityHeredityAgeGender
A form of vitamin B that is needed for DNA production in body cells
Most common are vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta-caroteneFree radicals damage or kill healthy cells.Antioxidants scavenge free radicals, slow their formation, and repair oxidative stress damage.
The most common nutrient deficiency globally
dissolve in water. B-complex vitamins and vitamin C are water soluble.
Plays a vital role in building strong bones and teeth, muscle contraction, blood clotting, nerve impulse transmission, regulating heartbeat, and fluid balance within cell
using food as a reward
may lack some amino acids, but these can be easily obtained from different sources.
50-60 percent of body; necessary for electrolyte and pH balance, and transporting cells and molecules
Potent, essential, organic compoundsPromote growth and help maintain life and health
Bombarded with advertisingChanges in working familiesBottle feeding in infantsIncrease in sedentary lifestyleMisleading food labelsIncreased opportunities for eating
a body weight more than 20 percent above healthy recommended levels; in an adult, having a BMI of 30 or more
Hunger, appetite, culture and social meeting attached to food, convenience and advertising, habit or custom, emotional comfort, nutritional value, social interactions
the ability of the muscles to perform physical tasks over a period of time without becoming fatigued
building blocks of proteins; 20 essential amino acids must be obtained from food;11 nonessential amino acids are produced by the body
overload, specificity of training, variation
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