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Questions existing moral values and his or her relevance to
societyBecomes more aware of contradictions in adult's value systems
An ethical principle stating the duty not to inflict harm.
Definition: a system of principles by which a person can determine what ought and ought not to be done
a process by which people attempt to examine the values they hold and how those values function as a part of the whole
An ethical theory stating that moral rule is binding.
• The nurse plays a major role in determining and implementing
desirable standards of nursing practice and nursing education.• The
nurse is active in developing a core of professional knowledge.• The
nurse, acting through the professional organization, participates in
establishing and maintaining equitable social and economic working
conditions in nursing.
Principle of respect for the person: primary moral
principleUnconditional intrinsic value for all personsPeople are free to
form their own judgments and actions as long as they do not infringe on
the autonomous actions of othersConcepts of freedom and informed
consent are grounded in this principle
Identify the ethical issues and problemsWhat is the issue?What are the
hidden issues?What are the complexities of the situation?Is anything
being overlooked?
Integration of multiple factorsA reasonable and purposeful decision
results from the blending of ethical theory, principles, and values
• The nurse carries personal responsibility for nursing practice and
for maintaining competence by continual learning. The nurse maintains
the highest standards of nursing care possible within the reality of a
specific situation.• The nurse uses judgment in relation to individual
competence when accepting and delegating responsibilities.• The nurse,
when acting in a professional capacity, should at all times maintain
standards of personal conduct that reflect credit on the profession.
Implies a duty not to inflict harmTo abstain from injuring othersTo help others further their own well-being by removing harm
Nurses must examine life and its origins, as well as its worth,
usefulness, and importanceNurses must determine their own values and
seek to understand the values of others
Decisions are made with the patient, family, other nurses, and other
health care providersNurses must develop a reasoned thought process and
sound judgment in all situations that take place within the
nurse-patient relationship
Principle of truth-tellingBelief that truth could at times could be
harmful held for many yearsConsumers expect accurate and precise
information revealed in an honest and respectful mannerTo develop trust
between providers and patients, truthful interaction and meaningful
communication must occurChallenge is to mesh need for truthful
communication with the need to protect
Altruism: concern for the welfare of othersAutonomy: right to
self-determinationHuman dignity: respect for inherent worth and
uniqueness of individuals and populationsSocial justice: acting in
accordance with fair treatment regardless of economic status, race,
ethnicity, age, citizenship, disability, or sexual orientation
acting in accordance with fair treatment regardless of economic
status, race, ethnicity, age, citizenship, disability, or sexual
orientationCourage, integrity, morality, objectivityActs as a health
care advocateAllocates resources fairlyReports incompetent, unethical,
and illegal practices objectively and factually
An ethical theory stating that the best decision is one that brings about the greatest good for the most people.
most widely accepted; a cognitive developmental process that is
sequential in natureRules imposed by authorityConformity to expected
social and religious moresAutonomous thinker who strives for a moral
code beyond the issues of authority and reverence
Should the recipient of scarce resources be selected on the basis of
quality of life? Ability to pay? Best prognosis? First-come,
first-served?Nurses should be prepared to consider questions regarding
allocation of scarce resources
To promote goodness, kindness, and charityTo abstain from injuring
others and help others further their own well-being by removing harm;
risks of harm must be weighed against possible benefitsCommon bioethical
conflict results from an imbalance between the demands of beneficence
and those of the health care delivery system
The nurse's primary responsibility is to those people who require
nursing care.• The nurse, in providing care, promotes an environment in
which the values, customs, and spiritual beliefs of the patient are
respected.• The nurse holds in confidence personal information and uses
judgment in sharing this information.
• The nurse sustains a cooperative relationship with co-workers in
nursing and other fields.• The nurse takes appropriate action to
safeguard the patient when his or her care is endangered by a co-worker
or any other person.
Right to health careHealth care system more selective in the amount
and type of treatment offered as a result of managed careIs each person
entitled to the same health care package?Does ability to pay affect
specific level of entitlement?How ethical is gatekeeping in the new
managed care system?Access to health care and respect for human dignity
are at the core of nursing practice
approach considers a decision to be right only if it conforms to an
overriding moral duty, such as preserving life at all costs, and wrong
only if it violates that moral duty. Deontological ethics are based on a
sense of a universal principle to consistently act one way.
An ethical duty to tell the truth.
Rooted in the assumption that an action or practice is right if it
leads to the greatest possible balance of good consequences, or to the
fewest possible bad consequencesStrongest approach for bioethical
decision making—Which action will lead to the greatest ratio of benefit
to harm for all persons involved?
Science or study of moral values.
Interdisciplinary field within health care that has evolved with
modern medicine to address questions that arise as science and
technology produce new ways of knowingPhysicians, nurses, social
workers, psychiatrists, clergy, philosophers, and theologians are
joining to address ethical questions in health care
ethics provides the strongest approach for bioethical decision-making.
Decisions are made by considering the action that will lead to the
greatest ratio of benefit to harm for all persons involved in the
ethical dilemma.
entire framework on which actions are based
Certain ethical issues will be resolved within the context of the
patient-provider relationshipOther ethical issues that may be more
encompassing are addressed in group settingsInstitutional ethics
committees are common within heath care organizationsPurposes of the
committee are to provide ethics education and assistance with ethical
policy development, and to serve as a consultative body in helping to
resolve ethical dilemmasApplicable to the daily practice level of
ethical decision makingApplicable to th
Ethics acculturationRights of conscienceEthical theory and ethical
principles can provide a basis for moving forward as a morally mature
professional adult
Ideas of life, customs, and ways of behaving that society regards as desirable.
An ethical principle stating that one should do good and prevent or avoid doing harm.
Dilemmas that pose a choice between perplexing alternatives in the
delivery of health care because of the lack of a clear sense of right or
wrongNurses should consider the dilemmas that might arise in a given
practice setting
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